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SEPTEMBER 7, 2025

What Are the Car Insurance Requirements on Cars in All 50 States? (2025 Nationwide Guide)

By Bradley A. Pistotnik — Trial Lawyer, Bull Attorneys, P.A.

A statute-linked, plain‑English explainer of every U.S. state's minimum auto liability requirements—plus which states require Personal Injury Protection (PIP) or Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist (UM/UIM). Includes official/state links and primary statutes for fast verification. Reviewed 2025-09-07.

Last reviewed: 2025-09-07

Why this matters

State minimums are legal baselines, not targets. Hospital bills, lost wages and modern vehicle repair costs routinely exceed minimum policies. This guide lists each state's minimum liability limits (Bodily Injury per person / Bodily Injury per accident / Property Damage), notes whether PIP/no‑fault and UM/UIM are required, and links to an official or primary source you can check. Because legislatures update these rules, always verify the current law with the linked state source or code section before relying on it.

Coverage types at a glance

  • Bodily Injury (BI) Liability — Pays others you injure when you're at fault (e.g., 25/50 = $25,000 per person / $50,000 per accident).
  • Property Damage (PD) Liability — Pays damage you cause to others' property (e.g., 25 = $25,000 per accident).
  • Personal Injury Protection (PIP) — First‑party, no‑fault medical (and often wage/essential services) benefits in no‑fault states.
  • Medical Payments (MedPay) — First‑party medical benefits (often optional) in many at‑fault states.
  • Uninsured Motorist (UM) — Pays you/your household if an at‑fault driver has no insurance (often covers hit‑and‑run).
  • Underinsured Motorist (UIM) — Pays when the at‑fault driver's limits are too low; required or at least offered in many states.

7 reasons to add (or raise) UM/UIM

  1. Medical costs can exhaust minimum limits quickly (one ER visit + imaging + rehab can surpass $30,000).
  2. A meaningful share of drivers are uninsured or carry only minimum limits—UM/UIM protects your family.
  3. UM often covers hit‑and‑run injuries (policy/state rules apply; prompt reporting is typically required).
  4. Coverage can follow you as a passenger, pedestrian, or in a non‑owned car (policy‑dependent).
  5. UM/UIM is typically inexpensive relative to the protection it adds.
  6. UIM fills the gap over the at‑fault driver's low BI limits.
  7. Higher limits preserve your assets and reduce out‑of‑pocket exposure after a serious crash.

Notable 2025 updates (selected)

  • California minimums increased to 30/60/15 effective January 1, 2025 (SB 1107; California DMV).
  • North Carolina minimums increased to 50/100/50 for policies effective July 1, 2025 (NC DOI).
  • Virginia minimums increased to 50/100/25 for policies effective January 1, 2025; insurance now mandatory (Virginia DMV).

Minimum car insurance requirements — All 50 states (2025)

Alabama

Liability (BI/BI/PD)
25/50/25
PIP / No‑Fault
No
UM/UIM Required
UM offered
Official Source
Alabama Revenue
Statute: Ala. Code §32‑7A‑4; §32‑7‑6(c)

Alaska

Liability (BI/BI/PD)
50/100/25
PIP / No‑Fault
No
UM/UIM Required
UM offered
Official Source
Alaska DMV
Statute: AS §28.22.101

Arizona

Liability (BI/BI/PD)
25/50/15
PIP / No‑Fault
No
UM/UIM Required
UM offered
Official Source
Arizona DOT
Statute: A.R.S. §28‑4009

Arkansas

Liability (BI/BI/PD)
25/50/25
PIP / No‑Fault
No (PIP offered)
UM/UIM Required
UM/UIM offered
Official Source
Arkansas DFA
Statute: Ark. Code §27‑22‑104; §23‑89‑202 (PIP)

California

2025
Liability (BI/BI/PD)
30/60/15 (effective 1/1/2025)
PIP / No‑Fault
No
UM/UIM Required
UM/UIM offered
Official Source
California DMV
Statute: Cal. Veh. Code §16056 (as amended by SB 1107)

Colorado

Liability (BI/BI/PD)
25/50/15
PIP / No‑Fault
No (MedPay auto‑offered)
UM/UIM Required
UM/UIM offered (reject in writing)
Official Source
Colorado Legislature
Statute: C.R.S. §42‑7‑103; §10‑4‑619 (MedPay)

Connecticut

Liability (BI/BI/PD)
25/50/25
PIP / No‑Fault
No
UM/UIM Required
UM/UIM required 25/50
Official Source
Connecticut DMV
Statute: Conn. Gen. Stat. §38a‑371; §38a‑336

Delaware

Liability (BI/BI/PD)
25/50/10 + PIP 15/30
PIP / No‑Fault
PIP required (no‑fault)
UM/UIM Required
UM/UIM offered
Official Source
Delaware DMV
Statute: 21 Del. C. §2118 (PIP); §2902

Florida

Liability (BI/BI/PD)
PDL $10k + PIP $10k
PIP / No‑Fault
PIP required (no‑fault)
UM/UIM Required
UM/UIM offered
Official Source
Florida HSMV
Statute: Fla. Stat. §324.022; §627.736 (PIP)

Georgia

Liability (BI/BI/PD)
25/50/25
PIP / No‑Fault
No
UM/UIM Required
UM/UIM offered (must be offered)
Official Source
Georgia OCI
Statute: O.C.G.A. §33‑7‑11 (UM/UIM); §40‑9‑37
10 of 50

Format: $per‑person BI / $per‑accident BI / $property‑damage

Private passenger autos only. Commercial vehicles may have higher requirements.

Injured in a crash? We can help.

Injured in a crash? Get help and see how we approach car claims:Bull Attorneys Car Accident Help

References (Official and Consumer Resources)

California DMV: Minimum Liability Insurance Requirements —California DMV Insurance Requirements

North Carolina DOI: Minimum limits increase effective July 1, 2025 —NC DOI 2025 Changes

Virginia DMV: Insurance Requirements (50/100/25 effective January 1, 2025) —Virginia DMV Insurance

Florida HSMV: Insurance Requirements (PIP $10k + PDL $10k) —Florida HSMV Insurance

Oregon DMV: Insurance Requirements (PIP $15k; UM/UIM 25/50) —Oregon DMV Insurance Requirements

Wisconsin OCI: Consumer's Guide to Auto Insurance (UM required; UIM optional if purchased ≥50/100) —Wisconsin OCI Auto Insurance Guide

Bankrate: Minimum car insurance requirements by state (2025) —Bankrate State Requirements

NerdWallet: State minimum car insurance requirements (2025) —NerdWallet Requirements

Editorial Standards & Update Policy

This guide cites primary statutes and official state sources where possible and is reviewed periodically. Insurance minimums and requirements change frequently—always verify current requirements with the linked state page or statute before making coverage decisions. This document provides general information only and does not constitute legal advice.

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